Turkic etymology : Query result

Proto-Turkic: *Kob-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to follow, chase

Russian meaning: преследовать, гнаться

Karakhanid: qov- (MK)

Turkish: kov-

Tatar: quw-

Middle Turkic: qov- (AH), qaw- (Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: qaw- (dial.), quw-

Azerbaidzhan: Gov-

Turkmen: qov-

Oyrat: qū-

Chuvash: xu-, xъv-

Kirghiz: qū-, qubala-

Kazakh: quw-

Noghai: quw-

Bashkir: qɨw-

Balkar: quw-

Gagauz: qū-

Karaim: quw-

Karakalpak: quw-

Kumyk: quw-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 6, 9-10, VEWT 275, Федотов 2, 315-316. The Karakh. derivative qovdaq 'greedy' (although scarcely attested) is a probable source of WMong. qobduɣ 'greedy', see Clark 1977, 147.

Proto-Turkic: *Kobga

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: pail, bucket

Russian meaning: ведро

Old Turkic: qovɣa (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qova (MK Oghuz)

Turkish: kova, koɣa

Middle Turkic: qova (AH), qopqa (Pav. C., Бор. Бад., Abush.)

Uzbek: qawɣa (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: Gova

Turkmen: Gova

Tuva: xuva

Kazakh: qawɣa

Noghai: qawɣa

Karaim: qova, qopqa

Karakalpak: qawɣa, ɣawɣa

Comments: EDT 583-584, ЭСТЯ 6, 12-13. Turk. > Mong. qobuɣa 'bucket, trough'.

Proto-Turkic: *Kobu-k

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: empty, hollow

Russian meaning: пустой, полый

Old Turkic: qovɨ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qovɨ, qovuq (MK)

Turkish: kovuk, gavɨk (dial.)

Middle Turkic: qovuq (AH)

Uighur: quaq (dial.)

Turkmen: Govaq, Govuq, Govalč, Govuz

Khakassian: xax

Comments: VEWT 273, TMN 3, 415, ЭСТЯ 6, 5-6.

Proto-Turkic: *Kobuĺ, *Kobuĺa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sharpened (arrow) 2 to sharpen, plane

Russian meaning: 1 заостренная (стрела) 2 точить, строгать

Old Turkic: qovuša- (OUygh.) 2

Karakhanid: qovša- (MK) 2

Turkish: (Osmanli) qovuš, qoɣuš (XVI c.) 1

Comments: EDT 613-614.

Proto-Turkic: *Koč

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: ram

Russian meaning: баран

Old Turkic: qočqar, qočuŋar (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qočŋar (MK)

Turkish: koč, kočkar

Tatar: qučqar (dial.)

Middle Turkic: qoč, qočqar (AH, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: ɣɔč (dial.), qọčqar

Uighur: qočqa(r), qošqa(r)

Sary-Yughur: qužɣar

Azerbaidzhan: Goč

Turkmen: Goč, GočGar

Oyrat: qočqor

Halaj: Goč

Tuva: qošqar

Kirghiz: qočqor

Kazakh: qošqar

Noghai: qošqar

Bashkir: qušqar

Balkar: qocxar

Gagauz: qoč

Karaim: qoč, qočqar, qočxar

Karakalpak: ɣoš, qošqar

Salar: qošqor, qošqur

Kumyk: qočqar

Comments: Лексика 432, TMN 3, 539, 540-541, EDT 592, ЭСТЯ 6, 87-88. Turk. > Hung. kos, see Gombocz 1912; Russ. dial. kočkór, kočkáŕ, see Аникин 308, 309.

Proto-Turkic: *Kod-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to put, leave, abandon

Russian meaning: класть, оставлять, покидать

Old Turkic: qod- (Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qoδ- (MK)

Turkish: koj-

Tatar: quj-

Middle Turkic: qoj- (AH, Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: qọj-

Uighur: qoj-

Sary-Yughur: quz-

Azerbaidzhan: Goj-

Turkmen: Goj-

Oyrat: qoj-

Chuvash: xor-

Kirghiz: qoj-

Kazakh: qoj-

Noghai: qoj-

Bashkir: quj-

Balkar: qoj-

Gagauz: qoj-

Karaim: qoj-

Karakalpak: qoj-

Kumyk: qoj-

Comments: VEWT 274, EDT 595-596, ЭСТЯ 6, 27-28, Федотов 2, 361. The original meaning (observable in most ancient occurrences, see EDT 595) must have been 'to put aside, leave, abandon'; the meaning 'put' appears somewhat later and is probably due to a merger with *Ko- 'to put' (v. sub *ga), not attested before the XIVth century.

Proto-Turkic: *Kodan **AD но чув нет

Meaning: hare

Russian meaning: заяц

Tatar: kujan

Middle Turkic: qojan (Abush., Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qujɔn

Uighur: qojan

Turkmen: Gojan (dial.)

Khakassian: xozan

Oyrat: kojon

Chuvash: (kujan dial. < Tat.) xoŕan, xoren (dial.) **AD нет в Ашм. и стандартных словарях; откуда? И Левитская в словаре не нашла.

Yakut: xotonox

Tuva: kodan (kojɣun from some j-language?)

Tofalar: xodan

Kirghiz: kojon

Kazakh: qojan

Noghai: qojan

Bashkir: qujan

Balkar: qojan

Karaim: qojan

Karakalpak: qojan

Kumyk: qojan

Comments: VEWT 274-275, Лексика 164, ЭСТЯ VI 29-30. Предполагается чув *xoran > марийск. *oren в составе moren 'заяц' Егоров 122 - скорее маразм.

Proto-Turkic: *Kodɨ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: below, downwards

Russian meaning: внизу, вниз

Old Turkic: qodɨ (Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qoδɨ (MK, QB)

Turkish: koju

Middle Turkic: quju, qujɨ (MA, Бор. Бад.), quji (Pav. C., Abush.)

Uzbek: quji

Uighur: quju

Sary-Yughur: qozɨ, quzɨ, quzu

Chuvash: (?) xǝrlǝ 'bowing the head' (KW 153)

Yakut: xotu 'downstream; North'

Dolgan: kotun 'in the direction of'

Tuva: qudu

Tofalar: qudu

Comments: EDT 596, VEWT 275, ЭСТЯ 6, 31-32, Stachowski 154.

Proto-Turkic: *Kod-, *Kodur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to take trouble, make efforts 2 to overpower

Russian meaning: 1 прилагать усилия 2 осиливать, одолевать

Karakhanid: qoδur- (MK) 1

Yakut: xot- 2

Dolgan: kot- 2

Comments: EDT 605; Stachowski 154 (but, because of semantic difference, hardly to *Kod- 'put aside').

Proto-Turkic: *Kog-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to drive, pursue

Russian meaning: гнать, преследовать

Turkish: koɣ- (since 17th cent.)

Uighur: qoɣla- (dial.)

Khakassian: xoɣ-

Oyrat: qoɣ-

Yakut: kuolā-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 6, 9-10, VEWT 275 (should be distinguished from PT *Kob-).

Proto-Turkic: *Koga ( ~ -k-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of reed

Russian meaning: вид тростника

Turkish: kova, koɣa (dial.)

Tatar: quɣa

Uzbek: qọɣa

Oyrat: qoɣo

Kazakh: qoɣa

Noghai: qoɣa

Bashkir: quɣa (dial.)

Karaim: qoɣa

Karakalpak: qoɣa

Kumyk: qoɣa

Comments: VEWT 275, ЭСТЯ 6, 10-11.

Proto-Turkic: *Koguĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: gutter, cavity, hollow

Russian meaning: желоб, впадина, полость

Karakhanid: qoɣuš (MK)

Turkish: kovuš

Tatar: quwɨš

Middle Turkic: qoɣuš (Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qavuš, qɔvaš, quwuš (dial.)

Azerbaidzhan: Goɣuš

Khakassian: xōs

Chuvash: xъʷvъʷl

Yakut: kuohāx

Kazakh: quwɨs

Noghai: quwɨs

Bashkir: qɨwɨš

Karaim: qowuš, quwuš

Karakalpak: quwɨs

Kumyk: quwuš

Comments: The Chuv. form may rather belong to PTurk. *Kob-. See VEWT 275, EDT 613, ЭСТЯ 6, 18-20, Stachowski 161 (the two roots interact actively).

Proto-Turkic: *Koguĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: leather, hide

Russian meaning: кожа, шкура

Old Turkic: qoɣuš

Karakhanid: qoɣuš (MK)

Comments: EDT 613.

Proto-Turkic: *Koju-g

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: thick, saturated

Russian meaning: толстый, густой

Old Turkic: qojuɣ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qojuɣ (MK)

Turkish: koju

Tatar: qujɨ

Uzbek: qujuq

Uighur: qojuq

Turkmen: Gojɨ

Khakassian: xojɨɣ

Shor: qojɨɣ

Oyrat: qoju

Yakut: xojū

Dolgan: kojū

Tuva: xojuɣ

Tofalar: xoj̃uɣ

Kirghiz: qujū

Kazakh: qoju

Noghai: qojɨ

Bashkir: qujɨ

Gagauz: qoju

Karaim: qoju, quju

Comments: EDT 676, TMN 3, 562, ЭСТЯ 6, 32-33, Stachowski 150. The deriving stem *Koj(u)- 'to become viscous, thick' is attested in Oyr. qoj-, KKalp. qojɨ-, Khak. xojɨ-, Tuva xoju- (see ibid.). The reconstruction *Koń- is proposed in VEWT 276, but is based only on the not quite reliable Tofalar nasalization; the Yakut and OT evidence does not support it.

Proto-Turkic: *Kok

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: dust, ashes

Russian meaning: пыль, пепел

Old Turkic: qoɣ (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qoɣ (MK)

Middle Turkic: qoɣ (AH, Pav. C.)

Khakassian: xox

Oyrat: qoq

Yakut: xoɣoso

Tuva: xoq

Kirghiz: qoq

Noghai: qoq

Karaim: qoq

Comments: EDT 609, VEWT 275, 276, Лексика 368. Turk. > Mong. qoɣ, Kalm. xog 'dregs, dirt' (KW 181, Щербак 1997, 165).

Proto-Turkic: *Kok-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to smell badly, to give out a smell of burning

Russian meaning: плохо пахнуть, пахнуть горелым

Karakhanid: qoq- (MK)

Turkish: kok-

Azerbaidzhan: Goxu (n.), Goxu-

Turkmen: qoq (n.), qoqa-

Noghai: qoqɨ- 'to be fragrant'

Gagauz: qoq-

Karaim: qoqu, qoqɨ (n.)

Comments: EDT 609, ЭСТЯ 6, 34.

Proto-Turkic: *Kol

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 arm 2 hand

Russian meaning: 1 рука (от локтя до плеча) 2 рука (кисть)

Old Turkic: qol 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qol 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: kol 1

Tatar: qul 1, 2

Middle Turkic: qol 1, 2 (Abush., Sangl., MA, Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: qụl 1, 2

Uighur: qol 1, 2

Sary-Yughur: qol 1

Azerbaidzhan: Gol 1

Turkmen: Gol 1

Khakassian: xol 1, 2

Shor: qol 1, 2

Oyrat: qol 1, 2

Halaj: qol 1

Chuvash: xol 'shoulder'

Yakut: xol 1

Dolgan: kol 'shoulder'

Tuva: xol 1, 2

Tofalar: qol 1

Kirghiz: qol 1, 2

Kazakh: qol 1

Noghai: qol 1, 2

Bashkir: qul 1, 2

Balkar: qol 1, 2

Gagauz: qol 1

Karaim: qol 1, 2

Karakalpak: qol 1, 2

Salar: qol 1

Kumyk: qol 1, 2

Comments: VEWT 276, EDT 614-5, TMN 3, 556, Дыбо 146-153, Федотов 2, 353, Лексика 244-245, ЭСТЯ 6, 37-43, Stachowski 150.

Proto-Turkic: *Koĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 pair, couple, one of a couple 2 to join, unite

Russian meaning: 1 пара, один из пары 2 соединять(ся)

Old Turkic: qoš- 2 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qoš 1, qoš- 2 (MK)

Turkish: koš- 2

Tatar: quš 1, quš- 2

Middle Turkic: qoš 1, qoš- 2 (AH, Pav. C.)

Uzbek: qọš 1, qọš- 2

Uighur: qoš 1, qoš- 2

Sary-Yughur: qos 1

Azerbaidzhan: Goš- 2

Turkmen: Goš 'a couple of oxen', Goš- 'to add'

Khakassian: xos 1, xos- 2

Oyrat: qoš- 2

Chuvash: xoš- 2

Yakut: xos 'double; again', xohuj- 2, xohōn 'poem'

Dolgan: kohōn 'poem'

Tuva: qoš- 2

Tofalar: qo'š- 2

Kirghiz: qoš 1, qoš- 2

Kazakh: qos 1, qos- 2

Noghai: qos 1, qos- 2

Bashkir: qɨwɨš 1, quš- 2

Balkar: qoš- 2

Gagauz: qoš- 2

Karaim: qoš 1, qoš- 2

Karakalpak: qos 1, qos- 2

Salar: qoš 1, qoš- 2

Kumyk: qoš- 2

Comments: VEWT 283; EDT 670, Лексика 611, Федотов 2, 375, ЭСТЯ 6, 90-94, Stachowski 150. Turk. > MMong. (HY) qoši, WMong. qos, Kalm. xoš 'pair' (KW 189, TMN 3, 364, Clark 1980, 41, 42, Щербак 1997, 142).

Proto-Turkic: *Kol-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to beg

Russian meaning: просить (милостыню), умолять

Old Turkic: qol- (Yen., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: qol- (MK)

Middle Turkic: qol- (Pav. C., Abush.), qol-či 'beggar'

Uzbek: qɔlčir 'Verleumder' (KW 183)

Sary-Yughur: qol-

Yakut: kulu 'give (imper.)'

Karaim: qol-

Comments: VEWT 277, EDT 616, ЭСТЯ 6, 36-37. Turk. > WMong. qolčir, KW xoĺčr 'verschwenderisch, leichtsinnig' (KW 183).

Proto-Turkic: *Koĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hut, hovel, camp(ing)

Russian meaning: хижина, лачуга, лагерь

Karakhanid: qoš 'family' (Tfs.)

Tatar: quš

Middle Turkic: qoš 'camp, camping' (Pav. C.), 'house, dwelling' (Sngl.)

Turkmen: Goš

Chuvash: xüžǝ, xužǝ, xužъ

Yakut: xos 'room'

Tuva: qoš 'caravan'

Kazakh: qos

Noghai: qos

Bashkir: qɨwɨš

Balkar: qoš

Karakalpak: qos

Kumyk: qoš

Comments: VEWT 283, EDT 670, Лексика 491-492, Федотов 2, 375-376, ЭСТЯ 6, 90-94. Turk. > WMong. qos, Kalm. xoš (KW 189), WMong. qosi-liɣ (Clark 1980, 42). The root is confused with *Koĺ 'pair', but should be probably distinguished. Tat. and Bashk. obviously reflect a contamination with *Koguĺ 'empty space, hollow'. A loanword from Tokh. koṣkīye 'hut' (which itself is < Iranian, see Adams) had been suggested - which, however, cannot explain the absence of -k- in the Turkic form.